Efficiency of Fungicide Application an Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Pneumatic Sprayer for Control of Hemileia vastatrix and Cercospora coffeicola in Mountain Coffee Crops

Coffee production and marketing is one of the main global commercial activities, but crop yields depend on several factors, among which plant health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of spray droplet deposition in coffee crops grown in a mountain region, associated to the efficacy of the control of fungal diseases. The application efficiency, using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and the efficacy of the products applied were tested. Water-sensitive paper tags were used to analyze the application efficiency; agronomic efficiency, vegetative vigor, yield, and physiological parameters were used to determine the fungicide efficacy. Droplet coverage in the upper canopy layer using a pneumatic sprayer (28.70%) was 4.11-fold higher than that found in the same layer for application using a UAV (6.98%) at the rate of 15 L ha(-1). The highest droplet depositions by using a UAV were found for the rate of 15 L ha(-1): 1.60, 1.04, and 0.43 mu L cm(-2) in the upper, middle, and lower layers, respectively; the deposition in the upper layer with application using a pneumatic sprayer was 42.67 mu L cm(-2), and therefore, a 26.7-fold higher deposition. The results denote that the control of fungal diseases through fungicide applications using a UAV is efficient for mountain coffee crops.