Are anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies effective in treating migraine aura? A pilot prospective observational cohort study

Background About 15% to one third of migraineurs experience aura symptoms. Aura is a reversible focal neurological phenomenon involving visual, sensory, speech, and motor symptoms that usually precede migraine pain. Monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin-related peptide (anti- CGRP mAbs) are effective in preventing chronic and episodic migraine, but little is known about their effectiveness on specifically preventing migraine with aura. Methods This is a pilot prospective observational cohort study, aiming at evaluating the effectiveness and safety of Erenumab, Fremanezumab or Galcanezumab for the treatment of migraine aura. We enrolled 14 patients at the Headache Centre of University Federico II of Naples. Duration of follow-up was 12 months. We assessed mean monthly days with aura symptoms, with or without subsequent headache, as well as mean monthly days with headache and mean monthly MIDAS score, by reviewing standardized paper patient headache diaries every three months. Results A significant decrease in mean monthly aura days was observed throughout the observation period (median baseline: 13, interquartile range: 4-16; after 12 months: 1, interquartile range: 0-3, p < 0.001). We observed a statistically significant decrease in mean monthly headache days as well (median baseline 21, interquartile range: 16-30; after 12 months: 5, interquartile range: 4-7, p < 0.001). During the 12-month treatment period, none of the 14 patients reported mild or serious adverse events. Conclusion Our findings suggest that anti-CGRP mAbs are highly effective in migraine with aura, both in reducing mean monthly aura days and mean monthly days with headache.