Regulatory mechanisms for climate-resilient urban energy systems

Disruptions to customer services are largely caused by weather-related blackouts. As a result, grid operators face a number of problems when operating grids under severe weather circumstances. A smart grid's capability of resiliency and profit can be increased through resilience enhancement programs (REPs) in the present study. This method improves resilience through the simulation of outages caused by weather, which is followed by rescheduling distribution networks and energy storage facilities, shifting loads, and dynamically recalibrating distribution networks as needed. The study examines per-hour variations in weather-dependent error likelihoods. In REPs, sources are rescheduled and appropriate reconfigurations are selected to minimize weather impacts in advance of the occurrence of a fault. It is likewise possible to isolate faulty components following a fault that has been initiated through reconfiguration. From the perspective of the system operator, the objective of the suggested method is to minimize the operating costs of the distribution networks and compensate for expenses associated with unsupplied power, and to maximize the profits of the electricity resource owners. The optimal result from a Pareto optimal set is determined by a multi-objective optimization algorithm utilizing particle swarm optimization (PSO). Measures for assessing resilience have been used for evaluating the effectiveness and impact of the suggested REPs. Simulations have proven that the suggested scheme is more efficient than conventional grids in cases of severe weather.