Effect of time-dependent and new types of hazards on dam safety

The effects of hazards from the natural and man-made environment on the safety, lifespan and sustainability of large dams are discussed. Most of these hazards are time-depend- ent. Of main concern are hazards, which have been under- estimated. The most difficult hazards are earthquakes, terror- ism and sabotage as in these cases there is no time to alarm and evacuate the affected population. Dam safety and a long lifespan are the prerequisites of any sustainable dam project. Therefore, for all large dams and other projects with large damage potential, all possible hazards as well as the safety criteria of the dams must be assessed periodically.