The factors affecting survival in patients followed up with the diagnosis of lymphoma in the intensive care unit

Purpose: This retrospective analysis aimed to elucidate the key factors influencing survival outcomes in patients diagnosed with lymphoma and admitted to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU).Materials and Methods: The study cohort comprised individuals aged 18 or older diagnosed with lymphoma and admitted to the ICU between November 2015 and February 2023. Data were collected on patients' demographic characteristics, primary hematological diagnoses, reasons for ICU admission, laboratory parameters, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, clinical trajectory, and 28-day mortality rates. Patients were stratified into two categories based on their mortality outcomes: Survivors and non-survivors.Results: A total of 165 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 52.41 +/- 17.99 years; 63% were male. Table 1 summarizes the demographic characteristics, clinical trajectories, and 28-day mortality rates. The APACHE II and SOFA scores of the patients were 34 (7- 53) and 12 (10-14), respectively. The predominant reasons for ICU admission were sepsis (58.2%) and acute respiratory failure (57.6%). Vasopressor necessity prior to and during ICU stay was 23.6% and 92.4%, respectively. During ICU monitoring, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury (AKI) were observed in 77.6% and 66.4% of patients, respectively; 10% required renal replacement therapy. The 28-day mortality rate was 84.8%. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with a SOFA score >-9 had a significantly reduced survival time of 4.5 +/- 0.4 days compared to those with lower SOFA scores (14.3 +/- 2.6 days). Patients with AKI and those requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) exhibited reduced survival times of 4.7 +/- 0.5 days and 5.6 +/- 0.5 days, respectively.Elevated SOFA scores (HR 2.355, 95% CI 1.485-3.734), presence of AKI (HR 1.511, 95% CI 1.055-2.163), and the need for IMV (HR 5.721, 95% CI 1.377-23.770) were significantly correlated with increased 28-day mortality. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified the optimal SOFA cut-off point for predicting 28-day mortality as nine, with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.897, sensitivity 83.6% and specificity 92%.Conclusions: The findings of this study underscore the elevated mortality rates among lymphoma patients admitted to the ICU. Our data suggest that several factors serve as significant predictors of 28-day mortality in this patient population. Specifically, elevated APACHE II scores, SOFA scores, the presence of AKI, and the requirement for IMV emerged as crucial indicators associated with adverse survival outcomes. Consequently, these factors warrant meticulous monitoring and could inform targeted interventions to improve survival rates among lymphoma patients in critical care settings.