Metal organic framework composite (Ti3AlC2 @ZIF-67) for vortex assisted solid phase extraction of lead from water and food samples

A composite of Ti3AlC2 max phase and ZIF-67 metal-organic framework (Ti3AlC2 @ ZIF-67) was synthesized by mixing Ti3AlC2 and ZIF-67 in dimethyl formamide and used for solid phase extraction of Pb(II). Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive x-ray were used to find functional group, surface morphology, surface area elemental composition, and crystalline structure of Ti3AlC2 @ ZIF-67. Factors like solution pH (7.0), adsorbent dose (10.0 mg), sample volume, eluent concentration and volume (0.5 M, 1.0 mL), and vortex time (1.0 min) were optimized. The effect of interfering ions has been checked to determine the method's selectivity. Analytical parameters such as limit of detection (LOD) 0.26 mu g L-1, limit of quantification (LOQ) 0.86 mu g L-1, preconcentration factor (PF) 21, enhancement factor (EF) 20 and relative standard deviation (RSD) 4.6% were calculated under optimized experimental condition. Certified reference materials TMDA-64.3 water samples and INCT-OBTL-5 tobacco leaves were used to validate the accuracy of the proposed method for trace metals detection. The technique was also used for lead determination in food and water samples with satisfactory recovery results.