Modeling Aircraft Fuel Jettison Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics on Finite-Volume Meshes

Weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics is used to investigate aircraft fuel jettison using a single-phase model. Fuel simulations are coupled to the aircraft computational fluid dynamics flowfield using cell containment checks on the finite-volume mesh to locate any smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) particle within the mesh, after which the local flow velocity vector is retrieved and then used to apply an approximate aerodynamic force to the SPH particle based on a continuum correction to discrete droplet calculations. Further downstream, the SPH simulation may be continued, or a switch may be made to implicit particle tracking (IPT) in order to accelerate the simulation. Comparison to IPT results shows that a fluid model of the initial continuum breakup of the jet is required, but following this transition to IPT is reasonable to reduce computation time. Models are validated against volume of fluid (VOF) simulations, with the runtime of the proposed model being approximately 100 times less than the VOF, and good qualitative agreement is also found compared to recorded flight results.