Magnetron Sputtering as a Microstructural Screening Tool for Laser Additive Manufacturing: Study on Ni Superalloys

In this work, magnetron sputtering coupled with a heat treatment is demonstrated as a route to obtain surrogate microstructures comparable to those achieved by laser-based additive manufacturing (AM) for Ni superalloys. Furthermore, this technique is shown to be a novel and efficient way of screening elemental additions with high compositional resolution for AM, without the need for designing and characterizing custom-atomized powders. Herein, Inconel 718 films are sputtered from both arc-melted and AM targets to capture any compositional changes and to develop a comprehensive methodology. Films are characterized via electron microscopy techniques to establish similarities between sputtered plus heat-treated films and bulk AM Inconel 718 microstructures reported in literature. Since Inconel 718 is susceptible to high-temperature S embrittlement, films were then co-sputtered with small amounts of Zr or Hf, which are found to facilitate sulfur segregation via nano secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis. Overall, this work highlights how magnetron sputtering plus heat treatment can be leveraged to rapidly screen novel AM microstructures, thereby accelerating the development and deployment of AM materials. Magnetron sputtering is found to achieve similarities to additively manufactured microstructures, due to comparable as-prepared residual stresses and precipitation behavior after heat treatment. The potential for screening compositional additions to improve mechanical behavior of additively manufactured Ni superalloys is established. Overall, a useful alternative to developing and characterizing custom-atomized powders by accelerating the microstructural screening process is presented.image (c) 2024 WILEY-VCH GmbH