Nocturnal polyuria and nocturia

BackgroundNocturia is a common complaint that can have a significant impact on quality of life. The pathophysiology is usually multifactorial and can be due to poor sleep, nocturnal polyuria, or low bladder capacity alone or in combination.ObjectiveNocturnal polyuria (NP) is the most common cause of nocturia in older adults. We hereby review the role of nocturnal polyuria in nocturia.Patients and methodsTo manage nocturia, a multipronged approach personalized to the patient's multifactorial etiology is warranted, with a focus on lifestyle modifications and behavioral approaches as first-line therapies. Pharmacologic treatment should be considered based on underlying disease processes, and healthcare providers should be mindful of potential drug interactions and polypharmacy in older adults.ResultReferral to specialists in sleep or bladder-related disorders may be necessary for some patients. With comprehensive and individualized management, patients with nocturia can achieve improved quality of life and overall health outcomes.