Intersection of mental health issues and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs): a narrative review by a subgroup of the IOC consensus on REDs

被引:21
作者
Pensgaard, Anne Marte [1 ,7 ]
Sundgot-Borgen, Jorunn [2 ]
Edwards, Carla [3 ]
Jacobsen, Astrid Urenholdt [4 ]
Mountjoy, Margo [5 ,6 ]
机构
[1] Norwegian Sch Sports Sci, Sport & Social Sci, Oslo, Norway
[2] Norwegian Sch Sports Sci, Dept Sports Med, Oslo, Norway
[3] McMaster Univ, Fac Hlth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada
[4] Norwegian Olymp & Paralymp Comm & Confederat Sport, Oslo, Norway
[5] Assoc Summer Olymp Int Federat ASOIF, Lausanne, Switzerland
[6] Dept Family Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada
[7] Norwegian Sch Sports Sci, Sport & Social Sci, N-0863 Oslo, Norway
关键词
Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport; Sports medicine; Psychology; Sports; Energy intake; EATING-DISORDERS; BECK DEPRESSION; QUESTIONNAIRE; PERFORMANCE; MANAGEMENT; STATEMENT; VALIDITY;
D O I
10.1136/bjsports-2023-106867
中图分类号
G8 [体育];
学科分类号
04 ; 0403 ;
摘要
Overall athlete health is a stated priority by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), yet it can be difficult for athletes to safely balance nutritional needs, training load, recovery, social interactions, expectations and other demands. The effect of energy intake and, especially, low energy availability (LEA) on athlete mental health, is understudied. In this narrative review, we examine research that has included psychological factors and mental health variables when investigating the effect of LEA, dieting/restrictive eating and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs), since the 2018 IOC consensus statement on REDs. Based on currently available data, early psychological indicators associated with problematic LEA are mood changes, fatigue and psychological conflict. More severe mental health outcomes associated with REDs are reduced well-being, elevated anxiety, depressive symptoms and eating disorders. We propose a psychological model that helps structure how possible risk factors (eg, body dissatisfaction, environmental demands or increased training load) and moderating (eg, gender, sport) and/or potential mediating (eg, social climate, self-esteem) factors are associated with LEA and ultimately REDs. The current scientific literature underscores the importance of including mental health factors when screening for REDs and for developing a clinical approach to address the psychological sequelae of REDs once diagnosed. An interdisciplinary perspective is recommended. Lastly, and importantly, the athlete perspective urges clinicians to not underestimate the drive for success and denial of health consequences that athletes demonstrate when pursuing their sport goals.
引用
收藏
页码:1127 / +
页数:10
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