Surgical Treatment of a Large Choroidal Melanoma

Purpose: We report successful eyeball-preserving management of a patient with a large choroidal melanoma. We combined partial lamellar sclerouvectomy (PLSU) with ruthenium (Ru)-106 plaque brachytherapy. Case summary: A 48-year-old woman with a history of asthma visited our clinic with a chief complaint of gradual loss of vision at the nasal side of her right eye (best-corrected visual acuity 0.6). Fundus examination revealed a mushroom-shaped, dark choroi-dal mass 17.1 mm (basal diameter) x 14.2 mm (apical height). There was no evidence of distant metastasis. To remove the tu-mor while preserving the eyeball, we combined PLSU and simultaneous Ru-106 plaque brachytherapy with the patient under hy-potensive general anesthesia. At 6 weeks postoperatively, trans pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil injection was performed to remove the vitreous hemorrhage and treat the retinal detachment. Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA) (0.05 mL, 1.25 mg) was injected every 2 months to prevent the development of radiation retinopathy. No re-sidual tumor, recurrence, or distant metastasis was noted during follow-up of 2 years. The patient was stable with no ocular com-plications at her last visit (2 years postoperatively). Conclusions: Contrary to what we expected and despite the surgical difficulties, PLSU combined with Ru-106 plaque brachy-therapy is a useful eyeball-preserving strategy even when encountering a very large choroidal melanoma (diameter > 16 mm and apical height > 10 mm). Such a melanoma was previously believed to be treatable only via enucleation.