Those who are left behind: A chronicle of internet access in Cuba

This paper presents a personal chronicle of internet access in Cuba from the perspective of a visitor to the island. It is told across three time periods: 1997, 2010, and 2021. The story describes how the island frst connected to the internet in the 90s, how internet access evolved throughout the 2000s, and ends in the role the internet played in the government protests on July 11, 2021. The article analyzes how internet access in Cuba has changed over the decades and its efects on civil society. It discusses issues such as Cuba's technological infrastructure, internet censorship, and free expression.