Maternal quercetin supplementation improved lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive deficits and inflammatory response in a rat model of maternal immune activation

Background: There is strong evidence that prenatal infection during a specific period of brain development increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, partly through immune -inflammatory pathways. This suggests that anti-inflammatory agents could prevent these disorders by targeting the maternal inflammatory response. In the present study, we used a rat model of maternal immune activation (MIA) to examine whether maternal quercetin (QE) supplementation can alleviate behavioral deficits and inflammatory mediators in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus of adult male offspring. Methods: Pregnant rats were supplemented with QE (50 mg/kg) or vehicle throughout pregnancy and injected with either lipopolysaccharide (0.5 mg/kg) or saline on gestational days 15/16. At postnatal day 60, we evaluated the offspring's behavior, hippocampal and prefrontal cortex glial density, pro -inflammatory gene expression, and neuronal survival. Results: Our data showed that maternal QE supplementation can prevent working and recognition memory impairments in adult MIA offspring. This behavioral improvement correlates with the decrease in MIA -induced expression of pro -inflammatory genes, microglia, and astrocyte densities, without affecting neuronal survival, in both PFC and CA1 hippocampus areas. Conclusion: Therefore, our study supports the potential preventive effect of QE on MIA -induced behavioral dysfunctions, at least in part, by suppressing the glial-mediated inflammatory response.