Efficacy, safety and genomic analysis of SCT200, an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, in patients with fluorouracil, irinotecan and oxaliplatin refractory RAS and BRAF wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: a phase II study

Background Limited therapeutic options are available for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients after failure of first- and second -line therapies, representing an unmet medical need for novel therapies. Methods This is an open -label, single arm, multicenter, phase II study aiming to perform the efficacy, safety and genomic analysis of SCT200, a noval fully humanized IgG1 anti -epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody, in patients with fluorouracil, irinotecan and oxaliplatin refractory RAS and BRAF wild -type mCRC. SCT200 (6 mg/kg) was given weekly for the first six weeks, followed by a higher dose of 8 mg/kg every two weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Primary endpoint was independent review committee (IRC)-assessed objective response rate (ORR) and secondary endpoints included ORR in patients with left -sided tumor, disease control rate (DCR), duration of response (DoR), time to response (TTR), progression -free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety. Findings From February 12, 2018 to December 1, 2019, a total of 110 patients aged between 26 and 77 years (median: 55; interquartile range [IQR]: 47-63) with fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan refractory RAS and BRAF wild -type mCRC were enrolled from 22 hospitals in China. As the data cut-off date on May 15, 2020, the IRC-assessed ORR and DCR was 31% (34/110, 95% confidence interval [CI] 22-40%) and 75% (82/110, 95% CI 65-82%), respectively. Thirty one percent (34/110) patients achieved confirmed partial response (PR). The median PFS and median OS were 5.1 months (95% CI 3.4-5.2) and 16.2 months (95% CI 11.1 -not available [NA]), respectively. The most common >= grade 3 treatment -related adverse events (TRAEs) were hypomagnesemia (17%, 19/110) and acneiform dermatitis (11%, 12/110). No deaths occurred. Genomic analysis suggested positive association between MYC amplification and patients' response (P = 0.0058). RAS/RAF mutation and MET amplification were the most frequently detected resistance mechanisms. Patients with high circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) at baseline or without ctDNA clearance at the 7th week after the first dose of SCT200 administration before receiving SCT200 had worse PFS and OS. Interpretation SCT200 exhibited promising clinical efficacy and manageable safety profiles in RAS and BRAF wildtype mCRC patients progressed on fluorouracil, irinotecan and oxaliplatin treatment. The baseline ctDNA and ctDNA clearance status at the 7th week after the first dose of SCT200 administration before receiving SCT200 could be a potential prognostic biomarker for RAS and BRAF wild -type mCRC patients with SCT200 therapy. Funding This study was sponsored by Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing, China and partly supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project for Key New Drug Development (2019ZX09732001-006, 2017ZX09304015). Copyright (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).