Ru monolayer island doped MoS2 catalysts for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction

Developing highly-efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts is significantly important for hydrogen generation by water splitting. In this work, Ru monolayer islands (MIs)-doped MoS2 catalysts are synthesized controllably by high-gravity technology. Ru MIs are successfully anchored on the MoS2 nanosheets via the co-ordination of Ru and S species in the MoS2 matrix to form monolayer island structure, which not only provides high-density active centers for boosting the HER activity, but also exhibits the maximum atomic utilization. The prepared Ru MIs-doped MoS2 catalysts exhibit a remarkably low overpotential of 17 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm-2 (l10) in alkaline conditions. Density functional theory (DFT) results reveal that multi-Ru monolayer doping can efficiently tailor the electronic structure and improve the adsorption of hydrogen on MoS2, and thereby boost the catalytic activity of HER. This work provides a Ru MIs doping approach to enhance the density of active sites of electrocatalysts, which would overcome the bottleneck of low active site density of single-atom catalysts to design high-efficient electrocatalysts with maximum atomic utilization.