Sensitivity enhancement of the surface plasmon resonance sensor based on gallium-doped zinc oxide and silicon for cancer detection: A wavelength interrogation approach

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors have become an essential tool for the label-free and immediate detection of biomolecular interactions. This paper presents a unique method for increasing the sensitivity of an SPR sensor designed for cancer detection. We offer a sensor design that promises improved detection capabilities using the unique characteristics of silicon (Si) and gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO). The method uses a wavelength interrogation technique to precisely monitor biomolecular interactions by taking advantage of the spectrum changes SPR brings. The sensor's potential for detecting early-stage cancer is shown by numerical findings that support a considerable improvement in sensitivity to 1711.7 nm/RIU for Basal cancer cells. A promising route for developing biological sensing technologies is the combination of GZO and Si in the SPR sensor, wavelength interrogation, transfer matrix method (TMM)-based reflectance computation, and the attenuated total reflection principle.