A sensitive high repetition rate arrival time monitor for X-ray free electron lasers

被引：5

作者：

Diez, Michael ^{[1
,2
]}

Kirchberg, Henning ^{[3
,4
]}

Galler, Andreas ^{[1
]}

Schulz, Sebastian ^{[5
]}

Biednov, Mykola ^{[1
]}

Boemer, Christina ^{[1
,5
]}

Choi, Tae-Kyu ^{[1
,6
]}

Rodriguez-Fernandez, Angel ^{[1
]}

Gawelda, Wojciech ^{[1
,7
,8
,9
]}

Khakhulin, Dmitry ^{[1
]}

Kubicek, Katharina ^{[1
,2
,10
]}

Lima, Frederico ^{[1
]}

Otte, Florian ^{[1
]}

Zalden, Peter ^{[1
]}

Coffee, Ryan ^{[11
,12
]}

Thorwart, Michael ^{[2
,3
]}

Bressler, Christian ^{[1
,2
,10
]}

机构：

[1] European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany

[2] Hamburg Ctr Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany

[3] Univ Hamburg, Inst Theoret Phys 1, Notkestr 9, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany

[4] Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA

[5] Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany

[6] Pohang Accelerator Lab, XFEL Div, Jigok Ro 127-80, Pohang 37673, South Korea

[7] Adam Mickiewicz Univ, Fac Phys, Ul Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, PL-61614 Poznan, Poland

[8] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Chem, Fac Sci, Madrid 28049, Spain

[9] IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, Madrid 28049, Spain

[10] Univ Hamburg, Fachbereich Phys, Notkestr 9-11, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany

[11] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA

[12] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Pulse Inst, Menlo Pk, CA 94028 USA

来源：

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | 2023年 / 14卷 / 01期

关键词：

DIELECTRICS;

D O I：

10.1038/s41467-023-38143-y

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

X-ray free-electron laser sources enable time-resolved X-ray studies with unmatched temporal resolution. To fully exploit ultrashort X-ray pulses, timing tools are essential. However, new high repetition rate X-ray facilities present challenges for currently used timing tool schemes. Here we address this issue by demonstrating a sensitive timing tool scheme to enhance experimental time resolution in pump-probe experiments at very high pulse repetition rates. Our method employs a self-referenced detection scheme using a time-sheared chirped optical pulse traversing an X-ray stimulated diamond plate. By formulating an effective medium theory, we confirm subtle refractive index changes, induced by sub-milli-Joule intense X-ray pulses, that are measured in our experiment. The system utilizes a Common-Path-Interferometer to detect X-ray-induced phase shifts of the optical probe pulse transmitted through the diamond sample. Owing to the thermal stability of diamond, our approach is well-suited for MHz pulse repetition rates in superconducting linear accelerator-based free-electron lasers.

引用

页数：9

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