Non-cell-autonomous small RNA silencing in Arabidopsis female gametes

In recent years, small RNA movement has been both hypothesized and shown to be an integral part of the epigenetic DNA methylation reprogramming occurring during plant reproduction.1It was suggested that the release of epigenetic silencing in accessory cell types or tissues is necessary to reinforce epigenetic silencing in the gametes (egg cell and sperm cells), which would in turn ensure the genomic stability of the next generation plant.2,3 In Arabidopsis thaliana, small RNA (sRNA) movement was indeed shown to occur during male gametogenesis.4-6 However, the situation within the female gametophyte and in early seed development is mostly unknown. Here, we show that small RNAs can induce non-cell-autonomous silencing from the central cell toward the egg cell but also from the synergids to the egg cell and central cell. Our data show that in addition to the movement of sRNAs during pollen development, hairpin RNAs can have non-cell -autonomous effects in the female gametes.