Enhancing Fat Transplantation Efficiency in a Mouse Model through Pretreatment of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells with RIP3 Inhibitors

BackgroundAutologous fat transplantation, widely used in cosmetic and reparative surgery for volumetric enhancements, faces challenges with its inconsistent long-term survival rates. The technique's efficacy, crucial for its development, is hindered by unpredictable outcomes. Enriching fat grafts with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) shows promise in improving survival efficiency.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the potential of receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) kinase inhibitors as a pretreatment for ADSCs in enhancing autologous fat graft retention over a long term.MethodsADSCs were isolated, cultured under normal or oxygen-glucose deprivation conditions, and mixed with particulate fat grafts to form distinct experimental groups in female nude mice. Fat graft mass and volume, along with underlying mechanisms, were evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis.ResultsThe experimental group, pretreated with RIP3 kinase inhibitors, had higher graft mass and volume, greater adipocyte integrity, and increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) mRNA levels than control groups. Furthermore, the experimental group demonstrated lower expression of necroptosis pathway proteins in the short term and an ameliorated inflammatory response as indicated by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA levels, and histological analyses. Notably, enhanced neovascularization was evident in the experimental group.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that RIP3 kinase inhibitor pretreatment of ADSCs can improve fat graft survival, promote adipocyte integrity, potentially decrease inflammation, and enhance neovascularization.No Level AssignedThis journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.