Fluorinated Carbamate-Based Electrolyte Enables Anion-Dominated Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Highly Reversible Li Metal Anode

Li metal is regarded as the most promising battery anodeto boost energy density. However, being faced with the hostile compatibilitybetween the Li anode and traditional carbonate electrolyte, its large-scaleindustrialization has been in a distressing circumstance due to severedendrite growth caused by unsatisfying solid electrolyte interphase(SEI). With this regard, accurate control over the composition ofthe SEI is urgently desired to tackle the electrochemical and mechanicalinstability at the electrolyte/anode interface. Herein, we reporta rationally designed fluorinated carbamate-based electrolyte employingLiNO(3) as one of the main salts to induce the preferableanion decomposition to achieve a homogeneous and inorganic (LiF, Li3N, Li2O)-rich SEI. Thus, this electrolyte achievesa high Coulombic efficiency of 99% of the Li metal anode, a stablecycling over 1000 h for Li|Li symmetric cells, more than 100 cyclesin 40-& mu;m-thin Li|high-loading-NCM811 full batteries, and >50cycles in Cu|LiFePO4 pouch cells, which is a promisingelectrolyte for highly reversible Li metal batteries.