Formation of plasma channel under high-voltage electric pulse and simulation of rock-breaking process

In the context of rock fragmentation, the application of high voltage electric pulses results in the transfer of electrical energy onto the surface of the rock material, leading to a rapid electrical breakdown and the formation of a plasma channel. The ionized plasma expands at a fast velocity, generating a shock wave that causes significant damage to the rock's integrity. In this study, we develope a numerical model that couples electrical, thermal, and mechanical forces to simulate the formation of plasma channels within rocks due to high-voltage electric pulses. The model's accuracy is verified through field tests, and the results indicate that the configuration of the high-voltage pulse waveform, electrode spacing, and conductor particles within the rock impact the pathway of plasma channel formation. Prior to the formation of the plasma channel, minimal changes are observed in temperature and stress levels, with the majority of electric pulse energy dedicated to the creation of the plasma channel. Following the establishment of the plasma channel, the application of the electric pulse continues, resulting in notable alterations in temperature and stress levels. When the duration of the action reaches 105 ns, the temperature and stress levels surpass 104 K and 50 MPa, respectively, leading to fracture and extensive damage to the rock. The outcomes derived from the numerical model's calculations can help to facilitate the cross-integration between physics and civil engineering and contribute to a deeper understanding of the rock fragmentation process under high voltage electric pulses.