Aortic Stiffness Measured from Either 2D/4D Flow and Cine MRI or Applanation Tonometry in Coronary Artery Disease: A Case-Control Study

Background and objective: Aortic stiffness can be evaluated by aortic distensibility or pulse wave velocity (PWV) using applanation tonometry, 2D phase contrast (PC) MRI and the emerging 4D flow MRI. However, such MRI tools may reach their technical limitations in populations with cardiovascular disease. Accordingly, this work focuses on the diagnostic value of aortic stiffness evaluated either by applanation tonometry or MRI in high-risk coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Methods: 35 patients with a multivessel CAD and a myocardial infarction treated 1 year before were prospectively recruited and compared with 18 controls with equivalent age and sex distribution. Ascending aorta distensibility and aortic arch 2D PWV were estimated along with 4D PWV. Furthermore, applanation tonometry carotid-to-femoral PWV (cf PWV) was recorded immediately after MRI. Results: While no significant changes were found for aortic distensibility; cf PWV, 2D PWV and 4D PWV were significantly higher in CAD patients than controls (12.7 +/- 2.9 vs. 9.6 +/- 1.1; 11.0 +/- 3.4 vs. 8.0 +/- 2.05 and 17.3 +/- 4.0 vs. 8.7 +/- 2.5 m center dot s(-1) respectively, p < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis performed to assess the ability of stiffness indices to separate CAD subjects from controls revealed the highest area under the curve (AUC) for 4D PWV (0.97) with an optimal threshold of 12.9 m center dot s(-1) (sensitivity of 88.6% and specificity of 94.4%). Conclusions: PWV estimated from 4D flow MRI showed the best diagnostic performances in identifying severe stable CAD patients from age and sex-matched controls, as compared to 2D flow MRI PWV, cf PWV and aortic distensibility.