Synthesis of N-doped carbon material via hydrothermal carbonization: Effects of reaction solvent and nitrogen source

被引:18
作者
Djandja, Oraleou Sangue [1 ,2 ,5 ]
Yin, Linxin [1 ]
Wang, Zhicong [1 ]
Duan, Pei-Gao [1 ]
Xu, Donghai [3 ]
Kapusta, Krzysztof [4 ]
机构
[1] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Chem Engn & Technol, Shaanxi Key Lab Energy Chem Proc Intensificat, Xian 710049, Shaanxi, Peoples R China
[2] Dongguan Univ Technol, Guangdong Higher Educ Inst, Engn Res Ctr None food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Distributed Energy Syst, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, Peoples R China
[3] Xi An Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Energy & Power Engn, Key Lab Thermo Fluid Sci & Engn, Minist Educ, Xian 710049, Shaanxi, Peoples R China
[4] Cent Min Inst, Glowny Inst Gornictwa, PlacGwarkow 1, PL-40166 Katowice, Poland
[5] Org African Acad Doctors OAAD, POB 25305000100,Off Kamiti Rd, Nairobi, Kenya
关键词
Hydrothermal carbonization; Cellulose; Pyridine; Activation; Supercapacitor material; ACTIVATED CARBON; SUPERCAPACITOR ELECTRODES; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; PERFORMANCE; CAPACITANCE; TRANSFORMATION; REDUCTION; CELLULOSE; CATALYST;
D O I
10.1016/j.est.2022.106588
中图分类号
TE [石油、天然气工业]; TK [能源与动力工程];
学科分类号
0807 ; 0820 ;
摘要
This work examined the effects of reaction solvent (water/ethanol) and nitrogen source (pyridine/pyrrole) on synthesising N-doped carbon material via a hydrothermal process. The presence of water favored the carbon-ization of cellulose and doped the nitrogen of pyridine in the form of pyridinic-N and graphitic-N via Maillard reaction, while almost no carbonization and nitrogen doping were observed either in pure pyridine or in pyridine and ethanol mixture. Increasing temperature and the water/pyridine ratio enhanced the carbonization of cel-lulose and the Maillard reaction between cellulose and pyridine. The N-doped carbon (NC1) derived from the activation of the hydrochar produced at 240 degrees C for 1 h with a pyridine:water ratio of (5 mL:35 mL) exhibited a significant specific surface area of 544.91 m2/g and a specific capacitance of 214.1 F/g (at 1 A/g) under the three-electrode system. With employing the aqueous phase derived from the above reaction, the derived N-doped carbon (NC2) exhibited a specific surface area of 534.29 m2/g and a specific capacitance of 189.7 F/g. The time constant of NC1 (0.5 s) was higher than that of NC2 (0.28 s), suggesting NC2 operates more quickly in the process of reversible charge-discharge. Over 10,000 cycles at 5 A/g, NC1 maintained 97.82 % of the capacitance, while for NC2, the capacitance retention reached 106 %. Exploring pyrrole in the place of pyridine provided a high yield and high N content of the hydrochars and NCs, but the electrochemical performances were significantly lowered. This work suggests a low-cost and sustainable method for the preparation of N-doped carbon materials for supercapacitors.
引用
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页数:13
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