Electrocardiogram Signals Classification Using Deep-Learning-Based Incorporated Convolutional Neural Network and Long Short-Term Memory Framework

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) like arrhythmia and heart failure remain the world's leading cause of death. These conditions can be triggered by high blood pressure, diabetes, and simply the passage of time. The early detection of these heart issues, despite substantial advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and technology, is still a significant challenge. This research addresses this hurdle by developing a deep-learning-based system that is capable of predicting arrhythmias and heart failure from abnormalities in electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. The system leverages a model that combines long short-term memory (LSTM) networks with convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Extensive experiments were conducted using ECG data from both the MIT-BIH and BIDMC databases under two scenarios. The first scenario employed data from five distinct ECG classes, while the second focused on classifying data from three classes. The results from both scenarios demonstrated that the proposed deep-learning-based classification approach outperformed existing methods.