A comprehensive review of nanosystems' multifaceted applications in catalysis, energy, and the environment

Nanosystems have emerged as pivotal players in diverse scientific domains, revolutionising chemical processes, catalytic transformations, energy technologies, and environmental remediation strategies. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted applications of nanosystems across these critical fields, shedding light on their unique properties and catalytic mechanisms. Nanocatalysts and nanosensors take centre stage in chemical applications, showcasing their role in enhancing organic synthesis and analytical chemistry. Moving into catalytic applications, the review delves into catalytic nanomaterials and their influence on various catalytic processes, accompanied by an exploration of nanocarriers for controlled release and targeted catalysis. The section on energy applications unravels the impact of nanomaterials on energy harvesting, storage, and conversion, encompassing solar cells, batteries, thermoelectric materials, and fuel cells. Shifting the focus to environmental applications, the article examines the role of nanomaterials in water treatment, air purification, and pollution control, highlighting their potential to mitigate environmental challenges. Throughout the discussion, the review addresses current challenges and outlines future directions, emphasising the need for continued innovation and research in the rapidly evolving field of nanosystems. By synthesising information from various disciplines, this review aims to provide a holistic understanding of the versatile applications of nanosystems, offering insights into their present impact and future potential in addressing global challenges in chemistry, catalysis, energy, and the environment.