The Blood Microbiome and Health: Current Evidence, Controversies, and Challenges

被引:45
作者
Cheng, Hong Sheng [1 ]
Tan, Sin Pei [2 ]
Wong, David Meng Kit [3 ]
Koo, Wei Ling Yolanda [3 ]
Wong, Sunny Hei [1 ]
Tan, Nguan Soon [1 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Nanyang Technol Univ Singapore, Lee Kong Chian Sch Med, Singapore 308232, Singapore
[2] Hosp Sultan Ismail, Jalan Mutiara Emas Utama, Radiotherapy & Oncol Dept, Taman Mt Austin, Johor Baharu 81100, Malaysia
[3] Nanyang Technol Univ Singapore, Sch Biol Sci, Singapore 637551, Singapore
关键词
host-microbe interaction; microbial commensalism; dysbiosis; bacterial translocation; septicaemia; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; MARKER-GENE; BACTERIAL; IDENTIFICATION; CONTAMINATION; COMMUNITIES; SIGNATURES; SEQUENCES; PROFILES;
D O I
10.3390/ijms24065633
中图分类号
Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];
学科分类号
071010 ; 081704 ;
摘要
Blood is conventionally thought to be sterile. However, emerging evidence on the blood microbiome has started to challenge this notion. Recent reports have revealed the presence of genetic materials of microbes or pathogens in the blood circulation, leading to the conceptualization of a blood microbiome that is vital for physical wellbeing. Dysbiosis of the blood microbial profile has been implicated in a wide range of health conditions. Our review aims to consolidate recent findings about the blood microbiome in human health and to highlight the existing controversies, prospects, and challenges around this topic. Current evidence does not seem to support the presence of a core healthy blood microbiome. Common microbial taxa have been identified in some diseases, for instance, Legionella and Devosia in kidney impairment, Bacteroides in cirrhosis, Escherichia/Shigella and Staphylococcus in inflammatory diseases, and Janthinobacterium in mood disorders. While the presence of culturable blood microbes remains debatable, their genetic materials in the blood could potentially be exploited to improve precision medicine for cancers, pregnancy-related complications, and asthma by augmenting patient stratification. Key controversies in blood microbiome research are the susceptibility of low-biomass samples to exogenous contamination and undetermined microbial viability from NGS-based microbial profiling, however, ongoing initiatives are attempting to mitigate these issues. We also envisage future blood microbiome research to adopt more robust and standardized approaches, to delve into the origins of these multibiome genetic materials and to focus on host-microbe interactions through the elaboration of causative and mechanistic relationships with the aid of more accurate and powerful analytical tools.
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页数:25
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