This study aims to examine the manifestations of dental anxiety (DA) and its influencing factors during dental visits among preschool children. The data of 166 preschool children who visited the Department of Dentistry of our hospital from April 2021 to April 2023 with oral problems were retrieved. Their DA performance was investigated using the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS). In addition, based on their general data and potential risk factor information, we performed logistic regression analysis to identify the factors influencing DA. Of the 166 questionnaires distributed, a total of 160 valid questionnaires were retrieved. The average CFSS-DS score was 35.57 +/- 3.51 points. Sixty-six children had DA, resulting in an incidence rate of 41.25%. The top 5 items with the highest CFSS-DS scores were fear of needles, dentists, tooth extraction, drilling and oral anesthesia. When the 66 children with DA were classified into a DA group and a non-DA group, we observed significant differences in age distribution, dental experience, only child status, general anxiety symptoms, dental condition, family income and specific dental treatment procedures, particularly tooth extraction, between them (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that preschool children aged <= 4 years, those with prior dental experiences, single-child status, general anxiety symptoms, suboptimal dental health, family incomes below 100,000 yuan/year, and those undergoing specific dental procedures, such as tooth extractions, were independently associated with a higher risk of DA (p < 0.05). The incidence of DA in preschool children is high, and they exhibit substantial fear of needles, dentists, tooth extraction, drilling and oral anesthesia. Preschool children aged <= 4 years, with prior dental experiences, single-child status, the presence of general anxiety symptoms, suboptimal dental health, family incomes below 100,000 yuan/year, and those undergoing dental procedures, particularly tooth extraction, could be more predisposed to DA.
