Optimizing environmental flow based on a new optimization model in balancing objectives among river ecology, water supply and power generation in a high-latitude river

Environmental flow plays an important role in maintaining the health of river ecosystems and aquatic habitats. Although ecological regulation of environmental flow has attracted the attention of scientists, managing the world's reservoir-regulated rivers to better meet the needs of human being and ecosystems is a complex social challenge. To address the above issues, we constructed a model for optimizing reservoir operation based on a balance in achieving multi objectives among environmental flow, water supply and power generation (EWP). The model was solved using an intelligent multi-objective optimization algorithm (ARNSGA-III). The developed model was demonstrated in a large reservoir, Laolongkou Reservoir in the Tumen River. The results showed that the reservoir altered environmental flows mainly in terms of flow magnitude, peak, times, duration and fre-quency, which result in a sharp decrease in spawning fish, and degradation and replacement of vegetation along the channels. In addition, the mutual feedback relationship between the objectives of environmental flows, water supply and power generation is not static, but varies over time and space. The constructed model based on Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHAs) can effectively guarantee the environmental flow at daily scale. In detail, the river ecological benefit increased by 64% in wet year, 68% in normal year, 68% in dry year after optimizing regulation of reservoir, respectively. This study will provide a scientific reference for the optimizing of the management in other rivers affected by dams.