Variability and the Correlation of Kinematic and Temporal Parameters in Different Modalities of the Reverse Punch Measured by Sensors

The influence of joint motion on punch efficiency before impact is still understudied. The same applies to the relationship between the kinematic and temporal parameters of a reverse punch (RP) that determines a score. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate if the exclusion or inclusion of body segments affects the acceleration, velocity, rotation angle, and timeline of execution, and to examine the correlation between these quantities. Seven elite male competitors-senior European and World Championship medalists-participated in the in-field testing. Quantities were acquired in the developmental phase of RP through three modalities of execution. Synchronized real-time data were obtained using combined multimodal sensors and camera fusion. The main findings of the study have highlighted the significant differences in the temporal and kinematic variables of RP that arise from the modality of execution. Large and medium correlation coefficients were obtained between the examined variables of body and hand. In conclusion, the results show that measured parameters are affected by segmental body activation. Moreover, their interdependence influences punch execution. The presented interdisciplinary approach provides insightful feedback for: (i) development of reliable and easy-to-use technical solutions in combat sports monitoring; and (ii) improvements in karate training.