Diagnosing and treating adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition that is increasingly understood to continue into adulthood. Family physicians are well positioned to diagnose ADHD in adults, due in part to their longitudinal relationship with their patients. Treating adult ADHD supports the unique strengths of these individuals. A reliable diagnosis takes several visits and should focus on gathering information, obtaining collateral from others, conducting diagnostic interviews, identifying functional impairments, and reviewing comorbidities. Treatment for adults with ADHD is most effective when it focuses on a combination of pharmacotherapy and nonpharmacological treatments, such as executive function cognitive-behavioral therapy training. Psychostimulant medications are commonly used to treat ADHD in adults and are highly effective in managing ADHD. After making a diagnosis, family physicians continue to provide important supports in psychoeducation and psychosocial interventions to reduce functional impairment and improve quality of life throughout the patient's lifespan.