Risk Factors of Perinatal Negative Mood and Its Influence on Prognosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background: Maternal anxiety or depression in the perinatal period has a high prevalence. The negative emotion during the puerpera is unfavorable to the process of childbirth and also affects the recovery and the quality of life in postpartum patients significantly. The present study aimed to elucidate the risk factors of negative emotion in perinatal women and its influence on prognosis to provide a reference for improving maternal prognosis. Methods: Initially, 350 expectant mothers were randomly enrolled in the present study between August 2021 and August 2022. Among these, after applying the established inclusion and exclusion criteria, 314 patients were eventually selected. The independent risk factors of negative emotion and poor prognosis were analyzed through binary logistics regression and multiple linear regression. Follow-up was conducted via telephone, email, and a follow-up visit one month after discharge. Results: Among the included patients, 18 (5.7%) had prenatal anxiety, 16 (5.1%) had prenatal depression, 31 (9.9%) had postnatal anxiety, and 28 (8.9%) had postnatal depression. Perinatal negative emotional risk factors include age, marital relationship, regular prenatal examination, E2 level, 5-HT level before and after delivery, family monthly income, neonatal health, breastfeeding time, intrapartum hemorrhage, constipation and other complications. The development of postpartum negative emotions is a risk factor for maternal prognosis. Conclusion: The results showed that the risk factors of perinatal depression and anxiety were complex. In order to improve the quality of life of pregnant women, maintain their long-term emotional stability, and promote their postpartum recovery, it may be considered to promote the use of screening tools to identify women at risk of anxiety and depression before and after delivery, and timely psychological counseling for patients with high risk factors to promote their mental health.