A Comprehensive Review of Genistein's Effects in Preclinical Models of Cervical Cancer

Simple Summary Cervical cancer is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. While treatments exist to stop growth of cervical cancer in humans, they are often associated with major side effects and the development of resistance to therapy. Traditionally, plant-derived compounds have been used to treat many ailments, including cancer. The search for novel plant-derived chemicals is important, as they can potentially provide effective treatment with less severe side effects and importantly overcome drug resistance. Genistein and its analogues have been shown to decrease survival and proliferation as well as induce cell death in cell culture models of cervical cancer and reduce tumor volume in a mouse model. More pharmacokinetic studies and studies utilizing preclinical animal models of cervical cancer are required to increase our knowledge of genistein's biological effects, prior to moving to human studies.Abstract Cervical cancer is associated with persistent Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infections and is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. Current treatment options; surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, are often associated with severe side effects including possible infertility. Novel treatment options are required to help combat this disease and reduce side effects. Many plant-derived chemicals, including paclitaxel and docetaxel, are already in use as treatments for various cancers. Genistein is a polyphenolic isoflavone found in foods including soybeans and legumes, and studies have shown that it has various biological effects and anti-cancer properties. This review aims to summarize the existing studies examining the effects of genistein on cervical cancer. All relevant in vitro and in vivo studies are summarized, and the key findings are highlighted in the associated tables. Based on the available in vitro/cell culture studies reported here, genistein inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Use of genistein in combination with radiation or chemotherapy agents resulted in enhanced response indicating radio- and chemo-sensitization properties. More animal studies are required to examine the effectiveness of genistein in vivo. Such studies will form the basis for future human studies exploring the potential of genistein to be used in the treatment of cervical cancer.