Removal of cationic dyes onto java']java plum leaves ash: adsorption isotherms, kinetics, thermodynamic and characterizations

Java plum leaves ash (JLA) was prepared by calcination (400 degrees C) to remove cationic dyes Methylene blue dye (MBD), Acridine orange dye (AOD), and Crystal violet dye (CVD) from aqueous solutions. Multiple physiochemical and microanalytical methods, including SEM, EDX, FTIR, TGA and XRD, were used to characterize JLA. This research aims to investigate the viability of JLA as a novel adsorbent and the mechanism of its adsorption for cationic dyes. In addition, the effects of solution pH, various dye concentrations, adsorbent dosages, stirring speed, and adsorption time on JLA adsorption performance are studied. The adsorption analyses showed that the maximum adsorption capacities of MBD, AOD, and CVD are 75.87, 110.37, and 92.33 mg/g, respectively. This is much greater than other adsorbates described in the literature, suggesting the viability of JLA as a novel adsorbent within 20-60 min of contact time from an initial 100 mg/L dye solution with a dosage of 0.1 g/ml adsorbent at pH 6 and room temperature. The Langmuir isotherm, Freundlich isotherm, and Temkin isotherm models most accurately represent adsorption behaviour.