The FLAMINGO project: cosmological hydrodynamical simulations for large-scale structure and galaxy cluster surveys

被引：90

作者：

Schaye, Joop ^{[1
]}

Kugel, Roi ^{[1
]}

Schaller, Matthieu ^{[1
,2
]}

Helly, John C. ^{[3
]}

Braspenning, Joey ^{[1
]}

Elbers, Willem ^{[3
]}

Mccarthy, Ian G. ^{[4
]}

van Daalen, Marcel P. ^{[1
]}

Vandenbroucke, Bert ^{[1
]}

Frenk, Carlos S. ^{[3
]}

Kwan, Juliana ^{[4
]}

Salcido, Jaime ^{[4
]}

Bahe, Yannick M. ^{[1
,5
]}

Borrow, Josh ^{[3
,6
]}

Chaikin, Evgenii ^{[1
]}

Hahn, Oliver ^{[7
,8
]}

Husko, Filip ^{[3
]}

Jenkins, Adrian ^{[3
]}

Lacey, Cedric G. ^{[3
]}

Nobels, Folkert S. J. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, POB 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands

[2] Leiden Univ, Lorentz Inst Theoret Phys, POB 9506, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands

[3] Univ Durham, Inst Comp Cosmol, Dept Phys, South Rd, Durham DH13LE, England

[4] Liverpool John Moores Univ, Astrophys Res Inst, Liverpool L35RF, England

[5] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne EPFL, Oberv Sauverny, Inst Phys, Lab Astrophys, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland

[6] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

[7] Univ Vienna, Dept Astrophys, Turkenschanz Str 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria

[8] Univ Vienna, Dept Math, Oskar Morgenstern Pl 1, A-1090 Vienna, Austria

来源：

MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY | 2023年 / 526卷 / 04期

基金：

瑞士国家科学基金会; 欧洲研究理事会;

关键词：

methods: numerical; galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: formation; cosmology: theory; large-scale structure of Universe; N-BODY SIMULATIONS; HALO MASS FUNCTION; SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; STAR-FORMATION EFFICIENCY; ORDER INITIAL CONDITIONS; MATTER POWER SPECTRUM; 3 HUNDRED PROJECT; BLACK-HOLES; INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM; BARYON PHYSICS;

D O I：

10.1093/mnras/stad2419

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We introduce the Virgo Consortium's FLAMINGO suite of hydrodynamical simulations for cosmology and galaxy cluster physics. To ensure the simulations are sufficiently realistic for studies of large-scale structure, the subgrid prescriptions for stellar and AGN feedback are calibrated to the observed low-redshift galaxy stellar mass function and cluster gas fractions. The calibration is performed using machine learning, separately for each of FLAMINGO's three resolutions. This approach enables specification of the model by the observables to which they are calibrated. The calibration accounts for a number of potential observational biases and for random errors in the observed stellar masses. The two most demanding simulations have box sizes of 1.0 and 2.8 Gpc on a side and baryonic particle masses of 1 x 10(8) and 1 x 10(9) M-circle star, respectively. For the latter resolution, the suite includes 12 model variations in a 1 Gpc box. There are 8 variations at fixed cosmology, including shifts in the stellar mass function and/or the cluster gas fractions to which we calibrate, and two alternative implementations of AGN feedback (thermal or jets). The remaining 4 variations use the unmodified calibration data but different cosmologies, including different neutrino masses. The 2.8 Gpc simulation follows 3 x 10(11 )particles, making it the largest ever hydrodynamical simulation run to z = 0. Light-cone output is produced on-the-fly for up to 8 different observers. We investigate numerical convergence, show that the simulations reproduce the calibration data, and compare with a number of galaxy, cluster, and large-scale structure observations, finding very good agreement with the data for converged predictions. Finally, by comparing hydrodynamical and 'dark-matter-only' simulations, we confirm that baryonic effects can suppress the halo mass function and the matter power spectrum by up to approximate to 20 per cent.

引用

页码：4978 / 5020

页数：43