Velocity distribution characteristics of counter-current jets

A counter-current jet (CCJ) is significantly different from a classical jump - it is like a classical jump with a reverse surface jet layer above it. A series of experiments, with the jet's Froude number in the range 4-10, was conducted to investigate the velocity distribution characteristics of CCJs. It was found, compared with a classical jump, the CCJ velocity distribution was more even and the decay of the maximum velocity was more efficient. It was beneficial to the energy dissipation and the deceleration of a high-speed flow. The variations of velocity with depth were opposite in the upper and lower parts of the zero-velocity line, resulting in relatively large fluid internal friction near the zero-velocity line. The internal friction between the surface jet layer and the lower fluid also increased the energy dissipation rate. A counter-current energy dissipator was found to achieve a good energy dissipation effect without auxiliary energy dissipators, which could be beneficial to engineering applications.