Case report: vertebral body tethering for idiopathic scoliosis in a patient with bilateral phocomelia

Purpose The purpose of this study is to present a case report of a patient with bilateral upper extremity phocomelia with progressive scoliosis, who underwent vertebral body tethering (VBT). Methods This is a case report on the use of VBT in a patient with scoliosis and bilateral congenital phocomelia, with 5 year follow-up. Results A male patient with bilateral phocomelia had early onset scoliosis that progressed to 45 degrees at age 10. Surgical options were discussed, including traditional VBT, posterior spinal fusion, growing rods, magnetically controlled growing rods, and vertical expandible prosthetic titanium ribs. These options would limit the flexibility of the spine. Given these pitfalls, VBT was chosen, as it would address the scoliosis while maintaining trunk flexibility. Preoperatively, he had 45 degrees right main thoracic curve, bending to 22 degrees; he was Risser 0 with open triradiate cartilage. He underwent T6-T11 thoracoscopic VBT, with postoperative correction to 37 degrees. Postoperatively, the patient was able to continue to use his lower extremities for writing, feeding, and personal grooming. He had no postoperative complications. At 3 years, his curve was 21 degrees, and at 5 years was 19 degrees. Conclusion This case describes a novel technique for treating scoliosis in patients with bilateral phocomelia. Other forms of scoliosis surgical treatment limit motion of the spine. Due to this, we present VBT as an option for this unique set of patients for correcting scoliosis, while also preserving trunk flexibility for its role in feeding and self-care.