Profiling of Immunomodulatory Genes and Quantification of CD25+Cells in Different Types of Early Pregnancy Loss

Introduction: Maternal regulatory T (Treg) cells play a pivotal role in establishing general immune homeostasis in the decidua for maintenance of pregnancy. We aimed in this study to investigate the relationship between mRNA expression of immunomodulatory genes and CD25+ Treg cells with early pregnancy losses. Methods: Our study included 3 groups of early pregnancy losses including sporadic spontaneous abortions, recurrent spontaneous abortions, sporadic spontaneous abortions post IVF treatment and the control group. We performed RT-PCR for analyzing mRNA expression levels of 6 immunomodulatory genes and CD25 immunohistochemistry for quantification of Treg cells. Results: Only FOXP3, CD274 (PDL1), and TGF beta 1 mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased in the miscarriage groups in comparison to the control group, whereas there was no significant mRNA expression change of CD4, IL2RA, and IL10. We also found significantly lower number of CD25+ cells in the miscarriages. Conclusion: We conclude that decreased expression of FOXP3 and PD-L1 may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of spontaneous abortion cases whereas decreased expression of TGF beta 1 gene may be associated with the occurrence of early loss in IVF-treated pregnancies. Additional immunoprofiling of Treg cell population is needed to quantify Treg cells in early pregnancy losses.