The Duality of Arsenic Metabolism: Impact on Human Health

被引:50
作者
El-Ghiaty, Mahmoud A. [1 ]
El-Kadi, Ayman O. S. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Alberta, Fac Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada
基金
加拿大自然科学与工程研究理事会;
关键词
arsenic; speciation; toxicity; metabolism; methylation; detoxification; THIO-DIMETHYLARSINATE; THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE; INORGANIC ARSENITE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; BLADDER-CANCER; APL PATIENTS; ZINC-FINGER; HUMAN-CELLS; AS3MT; GLUTATHIONE;
D O I
10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051921-020936
中图分类号
R9 [药学];
学科分类号
1007 ;
摘要
Arsenic is a naturally occurring hazardous element that is environmentally ubiquitous in various chemical forms. Upon exposure, the human body initiates an elimination pathway of progressive methylation into relatively less bioreactive and more easily excretable pentavalent methylated forms. Given its association with decreasing the internal burden of arsenic with ensuing attenuation of its related toxicities, biomethylation has been applauded for decades as a pure route of arsenic detoxification. However, the emergence of detectable trivalent species with profound toxicity has opened a long-standing debate regarding whether arsenic methylation is a detoxifying or bioactivating mechanism. In this review, we approach the topic of arsenic metabolism from both perspectives to create a complete picture of its potential role in the mitigation or aggravation of various arsenic-related pathologies.
引用
收藏
页码:341 / 358
页数:18
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