Effect of Metabolizable Protein Supply on Milk Performance, Ruminal Fermentation, Apparent Total-Tract Digestibility, Energy and Nitrogen Utilization, and Enteric Methane Production of Ayrshire and Holstein Cows

Simple Summary The effect of increasing metabolizable protein supply (85%, 100%, and 115% of requirement) on milk production, energy and nitrogen (N) utilization, and enteric methane (CH4) emissions of Ayrshire and Holstein cows was investigated in this study. Although Ayrshire cows consumed less dry matter and produced less milk than Holstein cows, feed efficiency (kg energy-corrected milk/kg of dry matter intake), CH4 emission intensity (g/kg milk), and urinary N excretion (g/100 g N intake) did not differ between the two breeds. Energy-corrected milk increased and N use efficiency (g N milk/100 g N intake) decreased with increasing metabolizable protein supply, whereas CH4 emissions were unaffected by metabolizable protein supply. In North America, the nutrient requirements of dairy cattle are predicted using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) or the National Research Council (NRC). As Holstein is the most predominant dairy cattle breed, these models were developed based on the phenotypic, physiological, and genetic characteristics of this breed. However, these models may not be appropriate to predict the nutrient requirements of other breeds, such as Ayrshire, that are phenotypically and genetically different from Holstein. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing the metabolizable protein (MP) supply using CNCPS on milk performance, ruminal fermentation, apparent total-tract digestibility, energy and N utilization, and enteric methane production in Ayrshire vs. Holstein lactating dairy cows. Eighteen (nine Ayrshire; nine Holstein) lactating cows were used in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square design (35-d periods) and fed diets formulated to meet 85%, 100%, or 115% of MP daily requirement. Except for milk production, no breed x MP supply interaction was observed for the response variables. Dry matter intake (DMI) and the yields of energy-corrected milk (ECM), fat, and protein were less (p < 0.01) in Ayrshire vs. Holstein cows. However, feed efficiency and N use efficiency for milk production did not differ between the two breeds, averaging 1.75 kg ECM/kg DMI and 33.7 g milk N/100 g N intake, respectively. Methane yield and intensity and urinary N also did not differ between the two breeds, averaging 18.8 g CH4 /kg DMI, 10.8 g CH4 /kg ECM, and 27.6 g N/100 g N intake, respectively. Yields of ECM and milk protein increased (p <= 0.01) with increasing MP supply from 85% to 100% but no or small increases occurred when MP supply increased from 100 to 115%. Feed efficiency increased linearly with an increasing MP supply. Nitrogen use efficiency (g N milk/100g N intake) decreased linearly (by up to 5.4 percentage units, (p < 0.01) whereas urinary N excretion (g/d or g/100 g N intake) increased linearly (p < 0.01) with an increasing MP supply. Methane yield and emission intensity were not affected by MP supply. This study shows that feed efficiency, N use efficiency, CH4 (yield and intensity), and urinary N losses did not differ between Ayrshire and Holstein cows. Energy-corrected milk yield and feed efficiency increased, but N use efficiency decreased and urinary N losses increased with increasing dietary MP supply regardless of breed. Ayrshire and Holstein breeds responded similarly to increasing MP levels in the diet.