Factors related to wellness and burnout in academic otolaryngology: A pre- and Post-COVID-19 analysis

Objectives: Describe demographic and professional factors predictive of burnout in academic otolaryngology before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: In 2018 and 2020, cross-sectional surveys on physician wellness and burnout were distributed to faculty members of a single academic institution's otolaryngology department. Faculty were dichotomized into low and high burnout groups for 2018 (n = 8 high burnout, 19%) and 2020 (n = 11 high burnout, 37%). To identify protective factors against burnout, three semi-structured interviews were conducted with faculty that reported no burnout.Results: Forty-two participants (59%) in 2018 and 30 out of 49 participants (62%) in 2020 completed the survey. In multivariate analysis of 2018 survey data, full and associate professors had significantly lower odds of high burnout (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.00-0.53; p = .03). Female gender was associated with increased in odds of high burnout (OR 15.55, 95% CI 1.86-231.74; p = .02). However, academic rank and gender did not remain independent predictors of high burnout in the 2020 survey. We identified significant differences in drivers of burnout brought on by the pandemic, including a shift from a myriad of work-related stressors in 2018 to a focus on patientcare and family obligations in 2020. Interview analysis identified three themes in faculty who reported no burnout: (1) focus on helping others, (2) happiness over compensation as currency, and (3) gratitude for the ability to have an impact.Conclusion: Approximately 20% of faculty reported high burnout before the pandemic, and this proportion nearly doubled during the pandemic. The risk factors and themes identified in this study may help academic otolaryngologists prevent burnout.Lay Summary: Factors driving burnout among academic otolaryngologists during the COVID-19 pandemic transitioned away from research, conferences, and work outside business hours toward family and patient responsibilities. Females report higher burnout and full professors report lower burnout.Level of evidenceIII.