A novel design approach for T-XOR gate in ternary quantum-dot cellular automata circuits

Reducing the size of transistors to nano-dimensions has brought new problems and challenges to the semiconductor field-effect transistor industry. Therefore, quantum cells are considered as an alternative technology to solve these problems. The efforts of the past few years on the earth of nano-electronics circuits have focused more on minimizing the cost of hardware by processing more than two values per basic action. In this paper, for the first time, the ternary XOR circuit has been designed and simulated in ternary quantum cells (TQCA) technologies. The proposed ternary XOR-based on TQCA with 369 cells, area-delay cost (m(2) - scc) is 136.76, power equal to 1704.7 x 10(-20) J equivalent to 106.4 eV, area 0.074128 mu m(2), and a delay of 1.25 clock was designed and simulated for validation with TQCAsim software. In addition, the ternary decoder circuit was simulated with 14 cells, cost (m(2) - scc) is 0.0339, area 0.0021 mu m(2), and delay of one clock cycle. The comparison indicates that TQCA technology has unique behaviors and advantages in various criteria such as low power consumption, delay reduction, reduction of occupied space, and a significant increase in working frequency.