Novel High-Voltage Zn-Based Electrode Based on Displacement Reaction for Liquid Metal Batteries

Althoughliquid metal batteries (LMBs) have garnered significantattention for their potential in sustainable energy storage, theirpractical applications are limited by a low working voltage. A novelZn-based positive electrode utilizing displacement reaction is presentedherein to enhance the voltage of LMBs. The compatibility between LiCl-KCland Zn was investigated, revealing that a complete displacement reactionwould reduce the active components of the battery. By adding a smallamount of Bi to Zn, both the stability and cycling performance ofbatteries can be improved. Specifically, the Li||LiCl-KCl||Bi3Zn7 battery exhibits a high discharge voltage of0.93 V at 100 mA cm(-2) and achieves an energy densityof 202.04 Wh kg(-1), which has a lower material costof 50.29 $ kW h(-1). These interesting results providenew ideas for the design of new system LMBs. The schematic of charge-dischargereaction of Li||Zn-Bibattery based on the displacement reaction.