Practical finite element modelling of segmented vaulted structures with assessment of imperfect dry-joints

The response of vaulted structures with dry-joints such as arches and shells can be predicted using graphical methods, limit state analysis, and rigid block analysis. However, these approaches assume material defor-mations are negligible. While acceptable for conventional masonry structures, there is a growing body of work investigating segmented vaulted structures where the segments comprise a large portion of the overall span. In such cases, material deformations and non-linearities can play a significant role. Typical analysis tools available are usually difficult to use and are not widely used by industry practitioners. In this paper, a modelling approach using a widely used finite element analysis package (LS-DYNA) is presented, using an 'out-of-the-box' approach for parameter tuning and modelling. This was then benchmarked against five experimental tests of dry-joint arches undergoing support displacements and a segmented concrete shell with large segments tested under a central point load. Crucially, the segmented shell exhibited imperfect dry-joints, with gaps occurring throughout various locations. A method of modelling and assessing such imperfections in a simple and practical manner is investigated through the use of a positive penetration allowance in the contact surfaces. The results show that the modelling approach is able to predict the collapse mechanism and failure support displacement for arches well, with further experimental tests required for 3D systems. It is envisioned that this work will add to the number of tools designers will have for analysing segmented vaulted structures with dry-joints.