Survival, Growth, Haematological and Biochemical Responses of Clarias Gariepinus Grown in Moringa Oleifera Seeds Treated Wastewater

The current study aimed to assess the feasibility of fish farming in treated wastewater using Moringaoleifera seeds extract (MSE). A native Catfish (Clariasgariepinus) specimens were grown in effluent water (Eff water), MSE treated effluent (MSE+Eff) and control conditions (dechlorinated water)for one month. The growth performance (e.g. mortality percent, behavioral variations and weight changes), hepatosomatic indices (HSI), hepatic DNA fragmentation, hematological, biochemical variables (e.g. cortisol activity, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) level), oxidative stress and antioxidants were evaluated. In contrast to EFF water, the MSE treated water significantly increased survival percent, antioxidants enzymes glotathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), total antioxidants content (TAC) and nitric oxide (iNOS). Furthermore, the MSE treated water decreased behavioral variations, TNF-alpha, oxidative stress damage (malonaldehyde (MDA)) and hepatic DNA fragmentation. While it increased body weight and improved hepatosomatic indices (HSI). Additionally, normalized hematological variables and biochemical markers serum e.g. aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), AchE, total protein, albumin and globulin were achieved under the MSE treatment. The obtained results suggest the use of MSE treated wastewater for fish farms as antioxidant and protective medium, especially with the concurrent aggravation of the global crisis of water shortage. We recommend further studies on the use of MSE treated effluent for growing fish in fisheries and aquatic farming.