Markers of Atrial Myopathy in the General Population Prevalence, Predictors, and Inter-Relations

Background Atrial myopathy refers to structural and functional cardiac abnormalities associated with atrial fibrillation and stroke, but appropriate diagnostic criteria are lacking.Objectives This study aimed to assess prevalence, clinical correlates, and overlap between potential atrial myopathy markers.Methods The population-based SCAPIS (Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study) prospectively included 6,013 subjects without atrial fibrillation with 24-hour electrocardiograms. Resting electrocardiograms measuring P-wave indices were collected at 1 screening site (n = 1,201), and a random sample (n = 385) had echocardiographic left atrial volume index (LAVi). Atrial myopathy markers were defined as >= 500 premature atrial complexes/24 h, LAVi >= 34 mL/m(2), P-wave duration >120 milliseconds, or P-wave terminal force in V-1 >4,000 ms<middle dot>s. Clinical correlates included age, sex, body mass index, height, smoking, physical activity, coronary artery disease, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, and low education.Results Atrial myopathy was common; 42% of the sample with all diagnostic modalities available had >= 1 atrial myopathy marker, but only 9% had 2 and 0.3% had >= 3. Only P-wave duration and LAVi were correlated (rho = 0.10; P = 0.04). Clinical correlates of premature atrial complexes, P-wave indices, and LAVi differed; current smoking (34% increase; P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (4%/mm Hg increase; P = 0.01), diabetes (35% increase; P = 0.001), and coronary artery disease (71% increase; P = 0.003) were associated with premature atrial complexes, physical activity >= 2 h/wk was associated with increased LAVi (beta-coefficient = 3.1; P < 0.0001) and body mass index was associated with P-wave duration (beta-coefficient = 0.4/kg/m(2); P < 0.0001).Conclusions In the general population, indirect markers of atrial myopathy are common but only weakly correlated, and their risk factor patterns are different. More studies are needed to accurately identify individuals with atrial myopathy with diagnostic methods.