Frequency-constrained unit commitment for power systems with high renewable energy penetration

Modern power systems are confronted with great challenges of frequency instability due to the conventional generators constantly being replaced by renewable energy source. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the frequency stability constraints in unit commitment processes to obtain safer operation plans. In this paper, an analytical approach for the frequency stability constraint is proposed. This approach is given by estimating the largest disturbance the system can withstand. Then, a novel frequency constrained unit commitment model is proposed by incorporating the proposed approach into a unit commitment model. The diverse governor response characteristics are considered in the proposed frequency constrained unit commitment model, and the essential inertia and reserve level are accurately estimated. The proposed model is formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem, and generalized Benders decomposition is adopted to facilitate the solution generation. The convergence of the decomposition-based solution is proved. Case studies on the New England 39bus system and a regional system are carried out where the performance of the proposed model is compared with two existing frequency constrained unit commitment models. The results show that the proposed model can guarantee frequency security while preserving the economic factors in power systems with high renewable energy penetration.