Application of the dynamic Monte Carlo method to pedestrian evacuation dynamics

In this study, we investigate a two-dimensional lattice model for crowd evacuation dy-namics by using a dynamic Monte Carlo (DMC) method. This model is built on the mi-croscopic Arrhenius dynamics along with the exclusion rule in which stochastic processes govern the individual movements depending on the relative distance to the room exit. Even though individual decision-making procedures can be complicated during the evacu-ation in an emergency, our model can quantitatively estimate the time for them to evacu-ate and predict the emerging patterns of the crowds during the process. The results exhibit the phenomena such that pedestrians spontaneously gather at the exit and form an arched shape close to the door. The DMC simulations and observations agree with the correspond-ing study in the literature. The DMC algorithm is computationally efficient due to its major property -"rejection-free", which makes it a suitable tool to simulate evacuation dynamics for a large group of pedestrians.(c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.