Flood vulnerability assessment of Thailand's flood-prone Pathum Thani province and vulnerability mitigation strategies

This research assesses the flood vulnerability of Thailand's flood-prone province of Pathum Thani using a comprehensive vulnerability assessment framework. The assessment framework incorporates three key compo-nents: exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, consisting of 10, 12 and 11 flood vulnerability indicators, respectively. The flood vulnerability components and the flood vulnerability indicators are statistically validated by confirmatory factor analysis to determine the factor loadings and reliability of the components and indicators. The flood vulnerability questionnaire corresponding to the flood vulnerability indicators is subsequently developed and applied to the flood-prone districts of the province. The results show that proximity to rivers (with an indicator score of 0.685), household debt levels (0.612), land use patterns (0.617), and the proportion of low-income households (0.621) significantly contribute to the flood exposure of the province (with an exposure index score of 0.531). Larger household size (with an indicator score of 0.901), disruptions in public utility services (0.747), and workplace absenteeism due to flooding (0.741) contribute to the province's higher flood sensitivity (with a sensitivity index score of 0.633). Drainage capacity of natural and man-made waterways (0.571) con-tributes to low to moderate levels of flood adaptive capacity. The flood vulnerability of seven administrative districts of Pathum Thani, as measured by the flood vulnerability index scores (0.454-0.608), range from mod-erate to high. Local authorities need to invest in flood warning and response systems, prioritize infrastructure development and encourage community engagement to reduce the flood vulnerability.