Glucose level monitoring in human blood samples by surface plasmon resonance sensor using cerium oxide and black phosphorus nanomaterials

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by prolonged elevated blood glucose levels. This research endeavours to assess the efficacy of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based sensor for continuous diabetes monitoring. The proposed sensor structure follows the Kretschmann configuration, incorporating key components such as a prism, Silver/Copper, Cerium Oxide, black phosphorus (BP), and a specialized sensing medium. Within this investigation, two distinct sensor structures, denoted as Structure I and Structure II, have been meticulously constructed using the specified layers. The research employs advanced techniques, including the transfer matrix method and angular interrogation, to evaluate the SPR sensor's performance at a wavelength of 633 nm. The study rigorously analyses the detection capabilities for a specific biological sample, considering parameters such as sensitivity (S), detection accuracy (DA), quality factor (QF), and dip-of-figure of merit (DFOM). Notably, the glucose detection process achieves remarkable results, with Structure I and Structure II exhibiting maximum sensitivities of 217 degree/RIU and 217 degree/RIU, DA values of 0.41 and 0.315, QF values of 89.13 RIU-1 and 68.45 RIU-1, and DFOM values of 31,281.53 and 24,213.34, respectively. Ultimately, this research culminates in a comparative study, underscoring the potential of the proposed sensor as a high-performance tool for glucose level detection, thereby paving new avenues in the realms of biological and biomedical technologies.