In this paper, a new three-dimensional network coordination polymer {[Co(TPTC)(HBPDPE)2 center dot 2H2O]center dot 3H2O}n [[[(1:1 ':4 ',1 ''-terphenyl)-3,3 '',5,5 ''-tetracarboxylic cobalt (II)] dipyridine dihydrate] trihydrate] (Complex 1) was generated under solvothermal synthesis by rigid conjugated ligand H4TPTC ([1:1 ':4 ',1 ''-terphengl]-3,3 '',5,5 ''-tetracarboxylic), V-shaped BPDPE (4,4 '-bis (pyridyl) diphenyl ether) and Co(II) ion. In complex 1, the neighboring Co(II) ions are linked by deprotonated TPTC4- to achieve a 1D zigzag chain [Co(TPTC)(HBPDPE)2]n, then the adjacent [Co(TPTC)(HBPDPE)2]n chains linked each other by various H-bondings to extend the structure from 1D chain to 3D network. Complex 1 has excellent fluorescence sensing performance and exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity for detecting 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP), the quenching constant Ksv is up to 2.08 x 105 M-1 along with the correlation coefficient R2 of 0.993. Furthermore, the quench mechanisms of this Co-MOF as a sensor to detect nitro- aromatic explosives were studied as well. A new three-dimensional coordination polymer {[Co(TPTC)(HBPDPE)2 center dot 2H2O]center dot 3H2O}n (1), constructed by 1D zigzag chains and H-bondings interactions, was synthesized under solvothermal condition by a rigid conjugated ligand H4TPTC ([1:1 ':4 ',1 ''-terphengl]-3,3 '',5,5 ''-tetracarboxylic), BPDPE (4,4 '-bis (pyridyl) diphenyl) and Co(II) ion. Complex 1 has excellent fluorescence sensing performance for detecting Nitroaromatic explosive (NAE) 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP), the quenching constant Ksv is up to 2.08 x 105 M-1, and the quenching mechanism was studied as well.